Waterfall Distribution Calculator

Model how fund proceeds flow through each tier of a European-style waterfall — from return of capital through profit split.

Investors

2
×
$800,000 total
2
×
$200,000 total
GP Co-Invest

4 LPs · 1 GP

Total: $1,020,000

Fund Terms

Preferred Return Rate

GP Promote

LP gets 80%

Distribution

Hold period: 1 year

Waterfall Flow

Return of Capital
$1,020,000100%
Preferred Return
$81,600100%
GP Catch-Up
$20,400100%
Profit Share
$78,000100%

Tier Breakdown

TierAmount% of TotalLP ShareGP ShareStatus
Return of Capital$1,020,000.0085.0%$1,000,000.00$20,000.00Complete
Preferred Return$81,600.006.8%$80,000.00$1,600.00Complete
GP Catch-Up$20,400.001.7%$0.00$20,400.00Complete
Profit Share$78,000.006.5%$62,400.00$15,600.00Complete
Total$1,200,000.00100%$1,142,400.00$57,600.00

LP vs GP Summary

LP Summary

Capital In$1,000,000.00
Total Out$1,142,400.00
Net Profit+$142,400.00
Multiple1.14x

GP Summary

Capital In$20,000.00
Total Out$57,600.00
Net Profit+$37,600.00
Multiple2.88x

Per-Group Breakdown

Penny-accurate

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What Is a Waterfall Distribution?

A waterfall distribution is the method used by real estate funds and private equity partnerships to divide investment profits between limited partners (LPs) and the general partner (GP). The term “waterfall” comes from how cash flows sequentially through a series of tiers — each tier must be fully satisfied before proceeds spill into the next. This structure aligns GP incentives with investor returns: the GP earns their promote only after investors receive their capital back and a preferred return. For a deeper dive, see our guide on what waterfall distributions are and how they work.

How the Four Tiers Work

The European-style waterfall used in this calculator has four tiers. Tier 1 — Return of Capital returns each investor's original contribution before any profits are split. Tier 2 — Preferred Return pays investors a time-weighted preferred return (typically 6–10% annually) on their deployed capital. Tier 3 — GP Catch-Up gives the GP a disproportionate share of profits until the GP has received their target promote percentage of total profits. Tier 4 — Profit Split divides all remaining proceeds according to the LP/GP promote split (commonly 80/20).

Understanding Preferred Return

The preferred return (or “pref”) is the minimum annual return LPs receive before the GP earns any promote. It accrues on each capital contribution from the date it was funded through the distribution date. This calculator supports three day-count conventions — Actual/365, Actual/360, and 30/360 — which affect how many days of accrual are counted. A higher pref rate protects investors but raises the bar the GP must clear to earn their promote. Learn more in our preferred return explainer.

GP Catch-Up Explained

The catch-up tier ensures the GP receives their fair share of overall profits. After the preferred return is satisfied, 100% of the next dollars flow to the GP until the GP's total profit share equals their promote percentage of all profits distributed so far. For example, with a 20% promote and $80,000 in preferred return, the catch-up target is $20,000 — bringing the GP's share to 20% of the $100,000 total profit. Once the catch-up is met, remaining proceeds split 80/20. Some funds disable the catch-up, meaning the GP only earns their promote percentage on the profit split tier. Read more in our GP catch-up guide.